Monthly Archives: October 2022


𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐳𑐷 𑐱𑑄𑐏𑐢𑐬 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳 𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐠𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸
𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐳𑑄𑐰𑐟 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐹𑐡𑑃 𑐬𑐵𑐚𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐬𑑀𑐴 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶 𑑑𑑑𑑔𑑓 𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐰 𑐂𑐣𑐵𑐥𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐳𑐷 𑐱𑑄𑐏𑐢𑐬 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳 𑐫𑐾𑑃𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐠𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐎𑐕𑐮𑐵𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐡𑐱𑐩𑐶 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐎 𑑑𑑗 𑐐𑐟𑐾𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐶𑑄 𑐠𑐠𑐾 𑐴𑐣𑐾𑐟𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐬𑑀𑐴 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶𑑄 𑐧𑑂𑐫𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐵𑐣𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐷 𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐶𑑄 𑐳𑐸𑐠𑐫𑑂 𑑗 𑐧𑐖𑐾 𑐮𑐏𑐸𑐬𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐠 𑐰 𑐴𑐶𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑑔 𑐧𑐖𑐾 𑐨𑑀𑐟𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑐶 𑐱𑐏𑐢𑐬 𑐄𑐡𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐫𑐵𑐂𑐐𑐸 […]

𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐳𑐷 𑐱𑑄𑐏𑐢𑐬 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳 𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐠𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸


𑐩𑐵𑑄 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳
–𑐰𑐶𑐣𑐫 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑀𑐥𑐵𑐢𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫 – 𑐬𑐾𑐬𑐰𑐵 / 𑐊𑐦.𑐊𑐩. 𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐵𑑅 𑐟𑑅𑐐𑐸𑐩𑐕𑐶 𑐳𑑂𑐚𑐾𑐱𑐣 𑐴𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐵, 𑐐𑐣𑑄 𑐣 𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐟 𑐠𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐶𑑄 𑐟𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐩𑐦𑐸 𑑋 – 𑐚𑐶𑐨𑐷 𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐵, 𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐮𑐟 𑐴𑐶𑐮𑐵𑑅 𑐴𑐶𑐮𑐵𑑅 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑄 𑐀𑐣 𑐣𑑄 𑐐𑐣𑑄 𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐟 𑐰𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐶𑑄 𑐏𑑄𑐎𑐾 𑐩𑐦𑐸 𑑋 𑐧𑐬𑐸 𑐧𑐶𑐡𑐾𑐱𑐷 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐡𑐷 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐴𑐾 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅÷𑐳𑑄𑐎𑐶𑐥𑐵𑑅÷𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐟 𑐠𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑐣𑐵 𑑋 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐡𑐾𑐱𑐫𑑂 […]

𑐩𑐵𑑄 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐳


𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐧𑐟 𑑑𑑑𑑔𑑓 𑐫𑐵 𑐮𑐳𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐀𑐩𑐾𑐬𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐫 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐵 𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅𑐟 𑐖𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐡𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐸𑐐𑐸 𑐹𑐨𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐣𑐵𑐹 𑐧𑑀𑐮𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐸𑐖𑐶𑐎 𑐥𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐠𑑂𑐰  𑐹𑐨𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐣𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾 𑐣𑐵𑑄𑐖𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐀𑐩𑐬 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐵𑐩𑐶 𑐬𑐩𑐾𑐱 𑐟𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐎𑐵𑐬 𑐫𑐵 𑐎𑐵𑐫𑑂  𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐸𑐖𑐶𑐎 𑐨𑐶𑐜𑐶𑐫𑑀 𑐳𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐧𑐖𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐐𑐷𑐟𑐩𑐵 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐬 𑐟𑐠𑐵 𑐳𑑄𑐐𑐷𑐟 𑐳𑐐𑐸𑐣 𑐟𑐵𑐩𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐎𑐵𑐬𑑄 𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐵𑐡𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐀𑐮𑐾 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾  𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑐡𑐷𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐰 𑐮𑐳𑐫𑑂 𑐴𑐫𑐵𑐡𑐷𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐥𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐬 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐖𑐵𑐥𑐟𑐶 […]

𑐀𑐩𑐾𑐬𑐶𑐎𑐵𑐫 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐵𑐔𑑂𑐰𑑄𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑐟𑐫𑑂𑐳𑑄 𑐨𑐶𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐸𑐣𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐫𑐵 ...



𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬 𑐳𑑄𑐑𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐱𑐣𑐶𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑐮𑐫𑑂 ‘𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐰𑑄𑐱 𑐰 𑐗𑐶𑐐𑐹 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑄𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐶𑐥𑑂𑐟 𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳’ 𑐳𑐦𑐹𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑐶𑐟𑐧𑑂𑐰𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐄𑐐𑐸 𑐴𑐾 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐗𑐶𑐐𑐹 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐎𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐎𑐵𑐮𑐶𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐰𑐶𑐎𑐩𑐵𑑅 𑐧𑐴𑐵𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐡𑑂𑐢𑐾𑐫 𑐩𑑀𑐟𑐶𑐬𑐟𑑂𑐣 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐳𑑂𑐠𑐰𑐶𑐬 𑐥𑐡𑑄 𑐰𑐶𑐨𑐹𑐲𑐶𑐟 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐳𑑄𑐑𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐫𑑅 𑐱𑐸𑐨𑐎𑐵𑐖𑐷 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐨𑐵𑐥𑐟𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐄𑐮𑐾𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑐵𑐴𑐵𑑄𑐥𑐶𑑄𑐥𑐵𑐏𑐾𑑄 𑐧𑑀𑐢𑐶 𑐩𑐟 𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐎𑐵𑑅 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐡𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐳𑑄𑐑 […]

𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫𑐰𑑄𑐱 𑐰 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐂𑐟𑐶𑐴𑐵𑐳 ...


Mona Eväluoto What is Ranjana Lipi The diverse culture of Nepal is home to many ethnic groups with over 100 various languages. In Nepal Mandal (the current Kathmandu Valley) from the 14th to 18th century, Nepal Bhasa was the official language but was replaced by Nepali after the Gorkha Kingdom […]

Ranjana Lipi: Efforts to revive ...


𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐶𑐢 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑐵𑐖𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐸𑐳𑐷 𑐣𑐷𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐶𑐢 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣 𑐠𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑐵𑐴𑐵𑐣𑐣𑐶𑐂 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐸𑐳𑐷 𑐏𑑂𑐰𑐥 𑐮𑐵𑐐𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐎𑐵𑐟𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐎 𑑘 𑐐𑐟𑐾 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐥𑐸𑐖𑐵 𑐴𑐣𑐷𑐐𑐸 𑐰 𑐰𑐴𑐾 𑐡𑐶𑑄𑐎𑐸𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐸 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐶𑐣𑐳𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑑑𑑒 𑐟𑐵𑑅 𑐂𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐄𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅 𑐖𑐸𑐂 𑑋 𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐸𑑄 𑐡𑐶𑑄 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑑅 𑐖𑐎 𑐏𑑂𑐰𑐥𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑐮𑐾𑐖𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑐸𑐖𑐵𑐬𑐷, 𑐐𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐩𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐫 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐎𑑂𑐟𑐶 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐂 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐴𑐮𑐴𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐎𑐵𑐟𑑂𑐟𑐶𑐎 𑑗, 𑑘 […]

𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐶𑐢𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐟𑐵𑐴𑐵 𑐣𑐣𑐶𑐂



–𑐜𑐵. 𑐔𑐸𑐣𑑂𑐡𑐵 𑐧𑐖𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐔𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐫 “𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐰𑐬𑑂𑐲 𑐎𑑂𑐬𑐶𑐫𑐵” 𑐳𑐦𑐸𑐟𑐶𑐂 𑐢𑐫𑐵𑐟𑑅𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑑂𑐩𑐷𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐥𑐹𑐖𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐥𑐹𑐖𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑐂𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂𑐠𑐾𑑄 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵 𑐄𑐐𑐸 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑑅𑐠𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐾𑑃𑐫𑐵 𑐥𑐬𑐩𑑂𑐥𑐬𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐕𑐳𑐶𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐮𑑅 𑐥𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂, 𑐀𑐧𑐷𑐬, 𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂, 𑐰𑐵, 𑐴𑐵𑐎𑐸𑐩𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐵, 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐩𑐵𑐫𑑂, 𑐁𑐏𑐾, 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐸𑐣𑐾 𑐔𑐶𑐎𑑄𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅 𑐠𑐵𑐣𑐵𑑅 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐫𑐵𑐂 𑑋 𑐮𑑅 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐳𑑄 𑐥𑑂𑐰𑐟𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐰𑐵 𑐀𑐧𑐷𑐬𑑄 𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐡𑑅 𑐔𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐄𑐎𑐶 𑐡𑑂𑐫𑑅𑐣𑐾 𑐟𑑅𑐳𑐶, 𑐏𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐳𑐶𑑄, 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐐𑐸𑐮𑐶, […]

𑐮𑐎𑑂𑐲𑑂𑐩𑐷𑐡𑑂𑐫𑑅 𑐥𑐹𑐖𑐵


𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐾 𑐥𑐶𑐣𑐾 𑐖𑐶𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑑄 𑐰𑐣𑐷𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄 𑐐𑐸𑐬𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄𑐳𑑄 𑐀𑐣 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐵 𑐰𑐫𑐾 𑐦𑐫𑐾𑐩𑐵 𑐢𑐎𑐵𑑅 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄 𑐐𑐸𑐬𑐸𑐥𑐶𑑄𑐟 𑐧𑐶𑐄𑐐𑐸 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐱𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐞 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐶𑐐𑑅 𑐎𑑂𑐰𑐔𑐵𑐮 𑑋 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐡𑐾𑐫𑑂 𑐡𑐧𑐹𑐫𑐵 𑐁𑐴𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐵𑐳𑑅 𑐳𑐺𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐶 𑐎𑐮𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐴𑐵𑐮𑐶𑑄 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐳𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐵𑐩𑐶 𑐡𑐧𑐹𑐥𑐵𑐏𑐾𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐸𑐫𑑄𑐎𑑄 𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐟𑐵𑐮𑐶𑐩 𑐧𑐶𑐄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐠𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐁𑐡𑐬𑑂𑐱 𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐸𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐟𑐵𑐮𑐶𑐩𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐷𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐳𑐴𑐨𑐵𑐐𑐷𑐥𑐶𑑄𑐟 […]

𑐁𑑅 𑐧𑐵𑐖𑑄𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐣𑑄 ...


𑐀𑐠𑐾 𑐢𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐠𑑁𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐥𑐷𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐡𑑃 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑑅𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑃 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐄𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐶 𑐗𑐶𑑄𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐡𑑃 𑐰 𑐨𑐩𑑂𑐔𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐫𑑂𑐖𑐸 𑐗𑐶𑑄𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐡𑑃 𑐖𑐎 𑐎𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋
𑐳𑑂𑐎𑐹𑐮 𑐳𑐶𑐢𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐎𑐮𑐾𑐖 𑐠𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐾𑐰𑑄 𑐖𑐶 𑐂𑐴𑐶𑐥𑐵 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐀𑐠𑐾 𑐢𑐂𑐐𑐸 𑐠𑑁𑑄 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐫𑐵𑑅 𑐥𑐷𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐡𑑃 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑑅𑐫𑐵𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑃 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐄𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐶 𑐗𑐶𑑄𑐔𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐡𑑃 𑐰 𑐨𑐩𑑂𑐔𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐂𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐫𑑂𑐖𑐸 𑐗𑐶𑑄𑐥𑑂𑐫𑐡𑑃 𑐖𑐎 𑐎𑑂𑐫𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐄𑐧𑐮𑐫𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑐮𑐣𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐕𑐥𑐵𑑅 𑐮𑐥𑑂𑐟𑐾𑑄 𑐔𑐵𑐫𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐩𑐵𑑅 𑐢𑐎𑐵𑑅 𑐖𑐶 𑐰 𑐖𑐶𑐩𑐶 𑐎𑐾𑐴𑐾𑑃𑐫𑐵𑐟 𑐖𑐶𑐩𑐶 𑐣𑐶𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐎𑐎𑐵𑐥𑐶𑑄 𑐣𑐵𑐥𑑄 𑐂𑐴𑐶𑐥𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐧𑑂𑐫𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐨𑐩𑐔𑐵 […]

𑐂𑐴𑐶𑐥𑐵 𑐢𑐸𑑄𑐎𑐵𑑅



𑐰 𑐕𑐸 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐠𑑂𑐰𑑀 𑐕𑐸 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐩𑐏𑑃 𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐵 𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐾 𑐥𑐵𑐣𑑂𑐧𑐟𑐷 𑐩𑐿𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐣𑐵 𑐰𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐷 𑐳𑐶𑑄𑐩𑑂𑐴𑐫𑐵 𑐎𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐾 – 𑑒x 𑐐𑐵𑐔𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐮 𑐥𑐣𑑂𑐔 𑐬𑐒𑑂𑐐𑐷 𑐢𑐵𑐔𑐵 𑐕𑐒𑐸 𑐐𑐸𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐾 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑑀 𑐮𑐶𑐳𑐾𑐂 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐾 𑐩𑐐𑐵 𑐐𑐸𑐮𑐷 𑐕 𑐣𑐎𑑂𑐎𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐬𑐾 – 𑑒x 𑐳𑑂𑐰 𑐠𑐾 𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐠𑐾 𑐔𑑀𑐣𑑂𑐎 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑑀𑐫𑐵 𑐔𑑀𑐣𑐶𑐐𑐸 𑐧𑐵𑐣𑐷 𑐬𑐾 𑐐𑐠𑐾 𑐫𑐵𑐣𑐵 𑐮𑑀𑐩𑐣𑑂𑐎𑐾 […]

𑐰 𑐕𑐸 𑐐𑐮𑑂𑐮𑐷 𑐠𑑂𑐰𑑀 𑐕𑐸 ...


𑐊 𑐡𑐵𑐃𑐔𑐵 𑐕𑐮𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐥 𑐗𑐒𑑂𑐐 𑐏𑐣𑐶 𑐕𑐾𑐏𑐵𑐊 𑐡𑐵𑐃𑐩 𑐨𑐩𑑂𑐧 𑐏𑐣𑐶 𑐳𑐟𑐾 𑐳𑐟𑐾 𑐩𑐏𑐸 𑐢𑐵𑐢𑐵 𑐳𑐎 𑐳𑐶𑐟 𑐰𑑂𑐴𑑀𑐟𑐾 𑐮𑐵𑐎𑐮 𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐩𑐱𑐶𑐄 𑐱𑐵 𑐥𑐵𑐖𑐸 𑐣𑐵𑐮𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐣𑐵𑐥 𑐩𑐶𑐏𑐵 𑐮𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐎𑐮 -2x 𑐊 𑐡𑐵𑐃𑐔𑐵 𑐕𑐮𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐥 𑐗𑐒𑑂𑐐 𑐏𑐣𑐶 𑐣𑐏 𑐔𑐏 𑐰𑐾𑐎𑐾 𑐧𑐮𑐾 𑐳𑐩𑐾 𑐧𑐖𑐷 𑐎𑐵 𑐰𑐾𑐟 𑐨𑐵𑐖𑐸 𑐖𑐸𑐫𑐵 𑐰𑐾 𑐧𑐮𑐾 𑐠𑐵𑐎 𑐠𑐸𑐎 𑐳𑐵 𑐰𑐾 […]

𑐊 𑐡𑐵𑐃𑐔𑐵


The Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings 2023 have been released. Over 121 million citations from over 15.5 million research publications were analyzed for this year’s ranking, including survey responses from 40,000 experts worldwide. In total, more than 2,500 institutions provided more than 680,000 datapoints for the compilation. The […]

Times Higher Education World University ...



𑐁𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐳𑐷 𑐖𑐣𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐎𑐵𑐬 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐳𑑄𑐑 𑐀𑐣𑑂𑐟𑐬𑑂𑐐𑐟𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶 𑐐𑐛𑐣 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐡𑐸 𑑋 𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐧𑐸𑐢𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐠𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐟𑑀𑐁𑐎𑐷 𑐨𑐰𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐕𑐐𑐹 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐡𑐠𑐸𑐂 𑐁𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐳𑐷 𑐖𑐣𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐎𑐵𑐬 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐳𑑄𑐑𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐟𑐡𑐬𑑂𑐠 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐑𑑀𑐲𑐞𑐵 𑐫𑐵𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑅 𑑋 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 𑐟𑐡𑐬𑑂𑐠 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑄𑐫𑑀𑐖𑐎 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐸𑐬𑐾𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑐨𑐵𑐥𑐟𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐗𑑂𑐰𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑐹𑐥𑐵𑐴𑐵𑑄𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐩𑐴𑐵𑐳𑑄𑐑𑐫𑐵 𑐟𑐡𑐬𑑂𑐠 𑐳𑐩𑐶𑐟𑐶𑐫𑐵 𑐳𑑄𑐫𑑀𑐖𑐎 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑐣 𑐩𑐸𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐸𑐒 𑐩𑐹𑐥𑐵𑐴𑐵𑑄𑐎𑐠𑑄 𑐗𑐵𑐫𑐵𑐡𑐷𑐐𑐸 […]

𑐁𑐡𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐳𑐷 𑐖𑐣𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂𑐫 ...


𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣 𑐐𑐸𑐠𑐶 (𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐐𑐸𑐠𑐶)𑐫𑐵 𑐐𑑂𑐰𑐳𑐵𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐠𑐸𑐐𑐸𑐳𑐷 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐏𑑂𑐰𑐷𑐕𑐎𑑂𑐰𑑅𑐐𑐸 𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 𑐳𑐵𑐴𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣𑐫𑐵 𑐗𑑂𑐰𑐮𑐫𑑂 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐁𑐢𑐸𑐣𑐶𑐎 𑐐𑐡𑑂𑐫 𑐎𑐰𑐶𑐟𑐵𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑑂𑐴𑑂𑐫𑐮𑐸𑐰𑐵 𑐩𑐡𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐰𑐿𑐡𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐵𑐩𑑄 𑐀𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐫 𑐎𑑀𑐲 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐣𑐾𑐐𑐸 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐸𑐮 𑑋 𑐰𑑄𑐐𑐸 𑐎𑑁𑐮𑐵𑐠𑑂𑐰 𑐡𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐡𑐱𑐎𑐶𑐸𑐣𑑂𑐴𑐸 𑐖𑐹𑐐𑐸 𑐳𑐩𑑂𑐩𑐾𑐮𑐣𑐫𑑂 𑐩𑐡𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐴 𑐎𑐰𑐶 𑐰𑐿𑐡𑑂𑐫𑐫𑐵 𑐖𑐴𑐵𑐣 𑐩𑐶𑐬𑐵 𑐱𑐵𑐎𑑂𑐫 𑐰𑐿𑐡𑑂𑐫𑑄 𑐗𑐶𑐐𑐹 𑐮𑐏 𑐟𑐎𑐵 𑐡𑐵𑑄𑐫𑐵 ‘𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐰𑐿𑐡𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐶𑐬𑐥𑐵𑑅’𑐫𑐵 […]

𑐰𑐶𑐬𑐵𑐚 𑐥𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐞 𑐰𑐿𑐡𑑂𑐫 𑐳𑐶𑐬𑐥𑐵𑑅𑐫𑐵 𑐣𑐶𑑄𑐟𑐶𑑄 ...


Formal education alone is not enough for social transformation. People are learning even informally. In this way, learning in an easy way on one’s own time is done by an institution of informal nature. One of them is the community learning center, which is now run with limited government grants […]

Basis of Social Transformation: Development, ...